Mainstream capnography applies an infrared sensor located proximally to the patient between the tracheal tube and the Y-piece, and thus, allows a rapid and accurate analysis of the CO 2 concentration of the exhaled gas. In clinical practice, two techniques are available, based on the measurement site of CO 2. 8, 9 Furthermore, combination of capnography with expired gas volume monitoring allows the assessment of ventilation–perfusion matching and the metabolic status of the body. 6 Although assessment of capnogram shape factors is not yet a standard part of patient monitoring, it has the promise to provide routine information concerning pathophysiological processes of lung ventilation, such as airway patency 7– 10 and lung recoil tendency. Sidestream capnography provides adequate quantitative bedside information about uneven alveolar emptying and ventilation–perfusion mismatch, but mainstream capnography is required for a reliable measurement of volumetric parameters.Ĭapnography is a non-invasive method for the numerical and graphical analysis of the exhaled CO 2 concentration, 1– 5 and a valuable tool for the improvement of patient safety.
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